Mekhoa ea likoloi tsa motlakase: 2023 e tla ba selemo sa metsi bakeng sa likoloi tse boima

Tlaleho ea morao-rao e thehiloeng ho tse boletsoeng esale pele tsa Futurist Lars Thomsen e bonts'a bokamoso ba likoloi tsa motlakase ka ho tsebahatsa mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea 'maraka.
Na tsoelo-pele ea likoloi tsa motlakase e kotsi?Litheko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa motlakase, theko ea lichelete le khaello ea thepa e tala li hlahisitse lipelaelo ka bokamoso ba likoloi tsa motlakase.Empa haeba u sheba tsoelo-pele ea nakong e tlang ea 'maraka Europe, US le Chaena, likoloi tsa motlakase li ntse li eketseha lefatšeng ka bophara.
Ho latela lintlha tsa SMMT, kakaretso ea ngoliso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa UK ka 2022 e tla ba 1.61m, eo 267,203 ea eona e leng likoloi tsa motlakase tse hloekileng (BEVs), tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 16.6% ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha, 'me 101,414 ke likoloi tsa plug-in.lebasetere.(PHEV) E ikarabella bakeng sa 6.3% ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha.
Ka lebaka leo, likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase li fetohile motlakase oa bobeli o tummeng ka ho fetisisa UK.Ho na le likoloi tsa motlakase tse ka bang 660,000 le 445,000 plug-in hybrid electric cars (PHEVs) UK kajeno.
Tlaleho ea Theknoloji ea Juice e thehiloeng ho tse boletsoeng esale pele ke setsebi sa bokamoso Lars Thomsen se tiisa hore karolo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ntse e eketseha, eseng feela ka likoloi, empa le ka lipalangoang tsa sechaba le likoloi tse boima.Ho atametse ha libese, liveni le litekesi tsa motlakase li tla ba le litšenyehelo tse tlase ho feta likoloi tse tsamaeang ka diesel kapa tsa peterole.Sena se tla etsa qeto ea ho sebelisa koloi ea motlakase eseng feela ka tikoloho, empa hape le moruo.
Ho atametse ha libese, liveni le litekesi tsa motlakase li tla ba le litšenyehelo tse tlase ho feta likoloi tse tsamaeang ka diesel kapa tsa peterole.
Leha ho le joalo, e le ho sebetsana ka katleho le palo e ntseng e eketseha ea likoloi tsa motlakase, 'me e se ke ea fokotsa tsoelo-pele e eketsehileng, marang-rang a ho tjhaja a hloka ho atolosoa haholo.Ho ea ka ponelopele ea Lars Thomsen, tlhokahalo libakeng tsohle tse tharo tsa meaho ea ho tjhaja (li-autobahn, libaka le matlo) e ntse e hola haholo.
Khetho e hlokolosi ea litulo le ho khetha seteishene se nepahetseng sa ho tjhaja setulo ka seng ho bohlokoa hona joale.Haeba ho atlehile, ho tla khoneha ho fumana chelete ho tsoa litsing tsa motheo tsa ho lefella sechaba eseng ka ho kenya ka boeona, empa ka litšebeletso tse amanang le tsona, tse kang thekiso ea lijo le lino sebakeng sa ho lefisa.
Ha re sheba tsoelo-pele ea 'maraka oa lefats'e, ho bonahala eka mokhoa oa tlhahiso ea matla a tsosolositsoeng ha o e-s'o emise' me theko ea mehloli ena ea matla e ntse e theoha.
Hajoale re etsa litheko limmarakeng tsa motlakase hobane mohloli o le mong oa matla (khase ea tlhaho) o etsa hore motlakase o be theko e boima haholo (hammoho le lintlha tse ling tse 'maloa tsa nakoana).Leha ho le joalo, boemo ba hona joale ha bo tšoarelle, kaha bo amana haufi-ufi le likhohlano tsa lipolotiki le tsa lichelete.Nakong e mahareng ho isa ho e telele, motlakase o tla ba theko e tlase, lisebelisoa tse nchafalitsoeng li tla ba teng 'me marang-rang a be bohlale haholoanyane.
Motlakase o tla ba theko e tlase, matla a ka nchafatsoang a tla hlahisoa, 'me marang-rang a tla ba bohlale haholoanyane
Tlhahiso e ajoang e hloka marang-rang a bohlale ho aba matla a teng ka bohlale.Kaha likoloi tsa motlakase li ka nchafatsoa neng kapa neng ha li sa sebetse, li tla phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho tsitsisa marang-rang ka ho boloka litlhōrō tsa tlhahiso.Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa sena, taolo e matla ea mojaro ke ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa liteishene tsohle tse ncha tsa ho tjhaja tse kenang 'marakeng.
Ho na le liphapang tse hlokomelehang lipakeng tsa linaha tsa Europe mabapi le boemo ba nts'etsopele ea meaho ea ho tjhaja.Ka mohlala, Scandinavia, Netherlands le Jeremane, nts'etsopele ea litšebeletso tsa motheo e se e tsoetse pele haholo.
Molemo oa lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja ke hore pōpo ea eona le ho kenya ha ho nke nako e ngata.Liteishene tsa ho tjhaja mabatooeng a litsela li ka raloa le ho hahoa ka libeke kapa likhoeli, ha liteishene tsa ho tjhaja lapeng kapa mosebetsing li nka nako e nyane ho feta ho rera le ho kenya.
Kahoo ha re bua ka “infrastructure” ha re bolele nako e neng e nka ho aha litsela tse kholo le marokho a lifeme tsa nyutlelie.Kahoo le linaha tse saletseng morao li ka tšoara kapele, haholo.
Ka nako e mahareng, lits'ebetso tsa lits'ebeletso tsa litefiso tsa sechaba li tla ba hohle moo ho utloahalang ho basebelisi le bareki.Mofuta oa ho tjhaja o boetse o hloka ho ikamahanya le sebaka: ka mor'a moo, tjhaja ea 11kW AC e na le molemo ofe seteisheneng sa peterole haeba batho ba batla ho emisa ho noa kofi kapa ho loma pele ho leeto la bona?
Leha ho le joalo, lijaja tsa lihotele kapa tsa boikhathollo li na le kelello ho feta lijaja tsa DC tse potlakileng empa li turu haholo: libaka tsa ho pakela makoloi lihoteleng, libaka tsa boithabiso, libaka tsa bohahlauli, litsi tsa mabenkele, boema-fofane le libaka tsa boikhathollo tsa khoebo.Liteishene tse 20 tsa ho tjhaja tsa AC ka theko ea HPC e le 'ngoe (High Power Charger).
Basebelisi ba likoloi tsa motlakase ba tiisa hore ka karolelano ea maeto a letsatsi le letsatsi a 30-40 km (18-25 miles), ha ho hlokahale ho etela libaka tsa ho tjhaja sechaba.Seo u tlamehang ho se etsa feela ke ho hokela koloi ea hau sebakeng sa ho tjhaja mots'ehare mosebetsing 'me hangata nako e telele lapeng bosiu.Ka bobeli li sebelisa alternating current (alternating current), e leng butle, kahoo e thusa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba betri.
Likoloi tsa motlakase qetellong li tlameha ho bonoa ka kakaretso.Ke kahoo o hlokang mofuta o nepahetseng oa seteishene sa ho tjhaja sebakeng se nepahetseng.Joale liteishene tsa ho tjhaja lia tlatsana ho theha marang-rang a kopaneng.
Leha ho le joalo, 'nete ke hore ho tjhaja AC lapeng kapa mosebetsing e tla lula e le khetho e theko e tlaase bakeng sa basebelisi kaha litefiso tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ho tjhaja li fanoa ho fihlela 2025, ho fokotsa ho tjhaja ka tšehetso ea grid.palo ea matla a tsosolositsoeng a fumanehang marang-rang, nako ea motšehare kapa bosiu le mojaro ho marang-rang, ho lefisa ka nako eo ka tsela e iketsang ho fokotsa litšenyehelo.
Ho na le mabaka a tekheniki, a moruo le a tikoloho bakeng sa sena, le kemiso ea ho tjhaja e ikemetseng (e bohlale) lipakeng tsa likoloi, li-operators tsa liteishene tsa ho tjhaja le li-grid li ka ba molemo.
Le hoja hoo e ka bang 10% ea likoloi tsohle tse rekisoang lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2021 e tla ba likoloi tsa motlakase, ke 0.3% feela ea likoloi tse boima tse tla rekisoa lefatšeng ka bophara.Ho fihlela joale, likoloi tsa motlakase tse boima li 'nile tsa sebelisoa feela ka bongata Chaena ka tšehetso ea' muso.Linaha tse ling li phatlalalitse merero ea ho kenya likoloi tse boima ka motlakase, 'me bahlahisi ba ntse ba atolosa mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa bona.
Mabapi le kholo, re lebeletse hore palo ea likoloi tse boima ba motlakase tseleng e eketsehe ka 2030. Ha mekhoa e meng ea motlakase ho feta likoloi tse boima ba diesel li fihla boemong ba ho senya, ke hore ha li na le litšenyehelo tse tlaase tsa ho ba le botho, khetho e tla fetela pele. motlakase.Ka 2026, hoo e batlang e le linyeoe tsohle tsa ts'ebeliso le maemo a mosebetsi li tla fihla butle-butle sebakeng sena sa inflection.Ke ka lebaka leo, ho ea ka se boletsoeng esale pele, ho amoheloa ha li-powertrains tsa motlakase likarolong tsena ho tla ba matla haholo ho feta seo re se boneng likoloing tsa baeti nakong e fetileng.
US ke sebaka seo ho fihlela joale se saletseng morao Europe ho nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase.Leha ho le joalo, lintlha tsa morao-rao li fana ka maikutlo a hore thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US e eketsehile ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena.
Likoloto tse tlase tsa theko e tlase le litheko tse phahameng tsa khase, re sa bue ka bongata ba lihlahisoa tse ncha le tse qobellang joalo ka mela e felletseng ea li-vans le literaka tsa liveni, li thehile lebelo le lecha la ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase Amerika.Kabelo ea 'maraka ea EV e seng e ntse e khahla mabopong a bophirima le bochabela e se e fetela ka hare ho naha.
Libakeng tse ngata, likoloi tsa motlakase ke khetho e ntle ka ho fetisisa, eseng feela ka mabaka a tikoloho, empa hape le mabaka a moruo le a ts'ebetso.Lisebelisoa tsa ho tjhaja likoloi tsa motlakase le tsona li ntse li hola ka potlako naheng ea Amerika, 'me phephetso ke ho tsamaisana le tlhoko e ntseng e hola.
Hajoale, China e theohile hanyane, empa lilemong tse hlano tse tlang e tla tloha ho tsoa kantle ho naha ho ea ho morekisi oa koloi.Tlhokahalo ea lehae e lebelletsoe ho hlaphoheloa le ho bonts'a sekhahla se matla sa kholo ho tloha ka 2023, ha baetsi ba Machaena ba tla fumana karolo e ntseng e eketseha ea mmaraka Europe, US, Asia, Oceania le India lilemong tse tlang.
Ka 2027, China e ne e ka nka karolo ea 20% ea mmaraka mme ea fetoha sebapali se hlahelletseng sa boqapi le motsamao o mocha nakong e mahareng ho isa ho e telele.Ho ka 'na ha e-ba thata le ho feta ho li-OEM tsa setso tsa Europe le Amerika ho qothisana lehlokoa le bahlolisani ba bona: ho latela likarolo tsa bohlokoa tse kang libeteri le lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki, bohlale ba maiketsetso le ho khanna ka boithaopo, China ha e ea pele feela, empa haholo-holo, e potlakile.
Ntle le haeba li-OEM tsa setso li ka eketsa matla a tsona a ho iqapela, China e tla khona ho nka karolo e kholo ea phae nakong e mahareng ho isa ho e telele.